tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-57209146577446636112024-02-07T09:48:40.036-08:00Hanbo - weapon of self-defenseFew martial arts weapons can match the power and diversity of the hanbo. The hanbo (basically a half-bo) can be taken anywhere and its techniques can be applied to a bo, jo, cane, expandable baton and other weapons. This site discusses the origins, characteristics, and uses of the hanbo as taught by Soke Hausel at the Arizona Hombu in Chandler, Gilbert and Mesa, Arizona.Kyoju of Budohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16100625487961987538noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5720914657744663611.post-52019063334422613742016-01-14T15:43:00.009-08:002022-03-14T14:34:23.812-07:00Self-Defense on a Stick - the Hanbo<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmVF9NrPDbc3VIH_EgLS9-aDp-t7ny2v2QQPbpTzkqDR7W3xmNIbdLTrU1DoO1hjZCZtxSRHU1JAXKI5NGWBL0iL-zaP__FAlgHvIBSq4zlZcpvd4mYBSAAzs1APWAcOEzQyiBascEjrY/s1600/Bill+donates+fingers+during+hanbo+training+at+the+Arizona+Hombu+Dojo%252C+Mesa%252C+Arizona+%2528Seiyo-ShorinRyu.com%2529.JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmVF9NrPDbc3VIH_EgLS9-aDp-t7ny2v2QQPbpTzkqDR7W3xmNIbdLTrU1DoO1hjZCZtxSRHU1JAXKI5NGWBL0iL-zaP__FAlgHvIBSq4zlZcpvd4mYBSAAzs1APWAcOEzQyiBascEjrY/s640/Bill+donates+fingers+during+hanbo+training+at+the+Arizona+Hombu+Dojo%252C+Mesa%252C+Arizona+%2528Seiyo-ShorinRyu.com%2529.JPG" width="547" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sensei Paula Borea applies <i>kote jujiki waza</i> to Sensei Bill Borea's fingers using hanbo at the Arizona<br />
Hombu in the Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa dojo. </td></tr>
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The <b><i>hanbo</i></b> (半棒), or ‘half-<i><b>bo</b></i>’ is a practical <b>martial arts weapon</b> since anyone can carry a stick, even on a commercial flight. Remember when you were a kid - sticks were the greatest toys ever! And they are also one of the greatest, self-defense weapons.</div>
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Similar to <i><b>hanbo,</b></i> the '<i><b><a href="https://okinawabo.blogspot.com/">bo</a></b></i>' is a 6-foot staff (or stick) used for transporting goods over one's shoulders in many regions of Asia; thus the <b><i>hanbo</i></b> represents a stick that is half-the-length of a <b><i>bo</i></b>. Both are considered traditional <b>martial arts weapons</b> and the <b>bo</b> is employed in the <b>martial art</b> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%8Djutsu"><b><i>bojutsu</i></b></a> (棒術) which is part of Okinawa <i>kobudo,</i> and used in nearly every traditional <b><i>Shorin-Ryu karate</i> school</b>.</div>
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<b><i><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcJPpZSKsRZ-pTei5GfRnlddQ3pEsxrp6UUxFjjyQdlOrb9eQDhgDE1tg1UhxAMtDMVTWpQpM9kYrf7VBdq7pXYi6XpOC0eJ7qkWmzDOm2ZhFsYhJtT_5FpE2SxU-S8Gj-MRwzymZSA9PudfEK3WisijGqA6_4DYXqKjo0FZxcADfDuZ8rCsi0XO6m=s3718" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2832" data-original-width="3718" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcJPpZSKsRZ-pTei5GfRnlddQ3pEsxrp6UUxFjjyQdlOrb9eQDhgDE1tg1UhxAMtDMVTWpQpM9kYrf7VBdq7pXYi6XpOC0eJ7qkWmzDOm2ZhFsYhJtT_5FpE2SxU-S8Gj-MRwzymZSA9PudfEK3WisijGqA6_4DYXqKjo0FZxcADfDuZ8rCsi0XO6m=w400-h305" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sensei Paula strikes Hanshi Neal with hanbo prior to throwing<br />him in a classical <i>jujutsu</i> throw. </td></tr></tbody></table><br />Hanbo</i></b>, however, is not part of most <b><i>Shorin-Ryu karate</i></b> and <i><b>kobudo</b></i> curriculum, but usually is part of traditional <b><i>jujutsu</i></b> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninjutsu"><i><b>ninjutsu</b></i></a>. But because of Soke Hausel's experience, <b><i>hanbo</i></b> was added to the <a href="http://az-kobudo.blogspot.com/"><b><i>kobudo</i></b></a> curriculum of <b><i>Seiyo Shorin-Ryu karate and kobudo</i></b>. <b><i>Hanbo</i></b> goes hand in hand in training with the ASP (<b><i>kioga</i></b>) and cane (<i><b>tsune</b></i>) and many of the same techniques can be applied to each of these weapons - so when you learn one, you learn all three. </div>
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Legend suggests that during a battle between <i>Kuriyama Ukon</i> and General <i>Suzuki Tangonokami Katsuhisa</i> in 1575 AD, <i>Kuriyama</i> was armed with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari"><b><i>yari</i></b></a> (spear) (another weapon we teach) and <i>Suzuki</i> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katana"><i><b>katana</b></i></a> (sword) (also a weapon we teach). During the battle, Suzuki sliced <i>Kuriyama’s</i> spear cutting it in half, but <i>Kuriyama</i> was able to continue the battle and overwhelm <i>Suzuki</i> with the remaining spear handle or <i><b>hanbo</b></i> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukishin-ry%C5%AB"><i>Kukishin Ryu</i></a>).<br />
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Thus, <i>Kuriyama</i> realized the importance of a short staff for self-defense. <b><i>Hanbo</i></b> has now been incorporated into several martial arts including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taijutsu"><i>taijutsu</i></a> (体術). <i>Taijutsu</i> is a term used interchangeably with <i><a href="http://ski-jujutsu.blogspot.com/">jujutsu</a> </i>and most <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kory%C5%AB"><i>koryu</i></a> (old) <i>jujutsu</i> systems use arresting techniques developed for law enforcement. In particular, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/sokeshodai#p/u/4/aUOD8bQNeCU"><i>munadori</i></a> waza (<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkN7Q2mGqF0"><i>lapel grab</i></a> techniques) are the focus of many.</div>
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<i><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHEcjx0vmhbP9BnyINPA7XZSET4ep9FV05AtwjtfDxcEdrawoSuJeTZQP0hHXTBKFcvoOXcKBNK_KgqORZXgOb7idNlbhokKz9Dx9bAX0T7weFSV9YSFJ8-s1zv6ra5RXNhopt9A6iq1CnWb8FoDnMU4y1V9BwUntwIej81v1FSYEdHSJLAgV0aXcf=s2060" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2060" data-original-width="1781" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhHEcjx0vmhbP9BnyINPA7XZSET4ep9FV05AtwjtfDxcEdrawoSuJeTZQP0hHXTBKFcvoOXcKBNK_KgqORZXgOb7idNlbhokKz9Dx9bAX0T7weFSV9YSFJ8-s1zv6ra5RXNhopt9A6iq1CnWb8FoDnMU4y1V9BwUntwIej81v1FSYEdHSJLAgV0aXcf=w346-h400" width="346" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ryan applies thumb lock after Rick grabs his hanbo.</td></tr></tbody></table>Hanbo</i> traditionally measures three <i>shaku</i> (35.8 inches) in length, or essentially half the length of a traditional <i>bo,</i> which is <i>roku-shakubo</i>, or a stick of 6 <i>shaku</i>. <i>Shaku</i> is the archaic unit of measurement used in Japan until the metric system was adopted in 1961. Prior to 1961, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaku_(unit)"><i>shaku</i></a> was a common unit of measure equal to 11.93 inches, or nearly one-foot. The <i>shaku</i> was derived from nature and is the average length between mature bamboo nodes. </div>
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But the Japanese also had another <i>shaku</i> which confused things. This latter <i>shaku</i> was equal to 14.9 inches or the length of an average whale whisker and was adopted in 1881 to measure cloth. To distinguish between these two, the cloth <i>shaku</i> was referred to as <i>kujirajaka</i> (<i>kujira</i> meaning whale); and the bamboo <i>shaku</i> was referred to as <i>kanejaku</i>. </div>
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The <b><i>hanbo</i></b> is still used in training by many Japanese law enforcement agents and became prominent during the late 19th Century in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period">Edo Period</a>, when some law enforcement officers were armed with wooden staffs and responsible for disarming <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai">samurai</a>. These people worked in teams and attacked criminals simultaneously to disarm and restrain them with a rope - another art taught at the Arizona <i>Hombu dojo</i> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoj%C5%8Djutsu"><i><b>hojojutsu</b></i></a>.</div>
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In 1868, the <a href="http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2130.html">Meiji Restoration</a> began and Japan entered the modern era. During the previous Edo period, samurai were still privileged. But a chain of events led to major changes in the political and social system in Japan resulting in opening the door to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaijin">gaijin</a> of the Western World. Thus, during the <i>Meiji</i>, members of the samurai class were eliminated and the honor of wearing swords was prohibited. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ben performs kubi waza on Sensei Bill Borea at the Hombu dojo, Mesa, Arizona</td></tr>
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These events caused considerable unrest with samurai, who prior to this event, were allowed to bear arms – unlike peasants. A samurai rebellion resulted and many <i>hanbo waza</i> were developed at this time to evade strikes by <i>katana</i> that were followed with strikes to head or sword hand, or thrusts to the attacker's body. Included in this were many take downs followed by devastating restraints.</div>
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Members of <a href="http://seiyo-shorinryu.webs.com/">Hombu Dojo</a>, learn to use the <i><b>hanbo</b></i>. They practise against an <i>uke</i> (partner) with samurai sword as is tradition (as well as against an attacker with other weapons such as <i>tanto</i> [knife]). As they progress, they work up to <i>juji-kumite </i>to develop spontaneity and accuracy of action - in other words, to learn how to react. Restraints are also taught so that the <i>hanbo</i> can be used as a pragmatic instrument for law enforcement.</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjhVcGwB2LiCwdzbmD6Z92Wch4hET6YxAO_4T3jjrpe_D15RTAZFTgU8wy8sMgekgXbI7QGX66lzPHYiNXuy5blQkU22AgRVVaprIHQ0p_O4zUxpG6r2ttVYMuiCm-7y_ia-PjEzgxlYaMrBZayj1MFotTvGnwu8plz-q3VkLFeOgcj7_9SmBpuDX1Z=s2938" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2204" data-original-width="2938" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjhVcGwB2LiCwdzbmD6Z92Wch4hET6YxAO_4T3jjrpe_D15RTAZFTgU8wy8sMgekgXbI7QGX66lzPHYiNXuy5blQkU22AgRVVaprIHQ0p_O4zUxpG6r2ttVYMuiCm-7y_ia-PjEzgxlYaMrBZayj1MFotTvGnwu8plz-q3VkLFeOgcj7_9SmBpuDX1Z=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Todd from Utah Shorin-Kai applies wrist <br />joint lock on his attacker using hanbo</td></tr></tbody></table>The <b><i>Hanbo</i></b>, <i><b>Kioga</b></i> (expandable police baton) and <b><i>Tsune</i></b> (Cane) are now taught Thursday evenings at the <b><a href="http://azhombu.blogspot.com">Arizona Hombu</a> </b>in Gilbert, Arizona</div>
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In <a href="http://seiyokai.blogspot.com/">Seiyo Shorin-Ryu</a>, to progress in hanbojutsu, students demonstrate basic strikes, blocks and stances and several self-defense ippon kumite against unarmed and armed assailants. They also learn very restrictive <i>juji-kumite</i> or sparring with the weapon. The <i>kumite</i> must be controlled with safety in mind. In the traditional martial arts - there are no contests - only self-improvement.</div>
Kyoju of Budohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16100625487961987538noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5720914657744663611.post-1303453802794454232015-10-08T10:03:00.005-07:002022-03-14T14:37:49.179-07:00Sticks and Stones May Break my Bones, but an Hanbo can also Throw Me<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>From node to node in mature bamboo is<br />
considered to be 1 shaku - a Japanese <br />measurement.</i> <i>Hanbo</i> is considered to <br />have a length of 3 <i>shaku</i>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Daddy-daughter combat, Utah gassuku.</i></td></tr>
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The <i><b>Hanbo</b></i> (half-bo) is a Japanese <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7lPufybYFY">weapon of self-defense</a> considered to be 3 <i>shaku</i> in length (about 3-feet). At the Arizona<i> Hombu dojo </i>in Mesa, we purchase <i><b>hanbo</b></i> from Lowell's and look for strong Oak dowels or other wood (such as purple heart) that will take a series beatings and not break. So if you buy a <i><b>hanbo</b></i> from a lumber store, check the wood thoroughly, because those pine sticks will easily break.<br />
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The origin of the <i><b>hanbo</b></i> is related to <b>traditional</b> Japanese <i><a href="http://ski-jujutsu.blogspot.com/">jujutsu</a></i> and <i>ninjutsu</i> martial arts. Traditional martial arts are those that have been around for centuries and have a good lineage that demonstrates their effectiveness in combat, unlike many modern <i>jujutsu</i> schools and MMA.<br />
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The <i><b>hanbo</b></i> is a <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGnTkNk5MKs">weapon</a> that can be taken anywhere and essentially all techniques for a <i><b>hanbo</b></i> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46hhmqQV2io">can also be applied </a>to cane (<i>tsune</i>), umbrella, expandable police batons and similar <a href="https://youtu.be/f2p_OdafvQg?list=PLgsEPjPIusDN7CZjEkV8Es1Afa5YcR7M_">weapons</a>. </div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"></span><span style="text-align: justify;"> The </span><i style="text-align: justify;">hanbo</i><span style="text-align: justify;"> is used for blocking, striking, sweeps, throws and chokes and is effective against an assailant with a knife, club or bare hands. </span><span style="text-align: justify;">Over the past few years, <a href="http://www.seiyo-shorinryu.com/grandmaster-hausel-arizona">Hausel</a>, Soke taught </span><i style="text-align: justify;">hanbo</i><span style="text-align: justify;"> clinics at the </span><a href="http://seiyo-shorinryu.com/" style="text-align: justify;">Arizona Hombu dojo</a><span style="text-align: justify;"> at the border of Chandler, Gilbert & Mesa, Arizona as well as at dojos in Utah, Wyoming and at the University of Wyoming. <i>Soke</i> Hausel was introduced to the <b><i>hanbo</i></b> by <i>Dai-Soke</i> Sacharnoski and also by one of <i>Soke</i> Hatsumi's instructors from Canada. Over the years, Hausel taught hanbo to hundreds of students at the University of Wyoming as well as other martial arts students from Casper, Cheyenne, Gillette, and Saratoga Wyoming, Murray Utah, and at Arizona State University, Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa and Phoenix Arizona.</span><br />
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<span style="text-align: justify;">Grandmaster Hausel indicates he likes the <b><i>hanbo</i></b> because you can carry a <b><i>hanbo</i></b> (or a cane or umbrella) anywhere, find a good stick most anywhere, and striking and blocking techniques are simple. Many of the throwing techniques with <b><i>hanbo</i></b> are challenging to beginners, but in most cases they are not necessary because nearly every technique begins with a block followed by a strike to the ribs, knees, body or head with either the <b><i>hanbo</i></b> or the hand, which should incapacitate any attacker. Nearly all restraints, throws and chokes are all added after a strike. So, just imagine someone striking you in the ribs, face, shin, foot, hand or groin with a stick. Most likely you will be very compliant to any follow-up restraint or throw.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggwooFhyFTsuV402RdjDn7TrPXkRrTlOxN_ZbOIYRtKFkyKJTaE-kmUE_ysVHKBOidK21rRJhnfHFo3bWN-aIL6VtUku_itJiDBkyOofggtQiimIh-9t8HT5ig0EGsYn8trhcDfYAnNcg/s1600/Soke+Hausel+demonstrates+joint+lock+with+hanbo+at+the+Utah+Gassuku+%2528Seiyo-SHorinRyu.com%2529.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggwooFhyFTsuV402RdjDn7TrPXkRrTlOxN_ZbOIYRtKFkyKJTaE-kmUE_ysVHKBOidK21rRJhnfHFo3bWN-aIL6VtUku_itJiDBkyOofggtQiimIh-9t8HT5ig0EGsYn8trhcDfYAnNcg/s640/Soke+Hausel+demonstrates+joint+lock+with+hanbo+at+the+Utah+Gassuku+%2528Seiyo-SHorinRyu.com%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grandmaster Hausel explains the subtleties of using hanbo for arm bars.</td></tr>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">So, even though he teaches mostly Okinawa <b><i>karate</i></b> and <b><i>kobudo</i></b> at the Arizona Hombu dojo, with his considerable background in martial arts, he also teaches his students other traditional martial arts including <i>hanbojutsu</i>, <i>sojutsu</i>, <i>iaido</i>, <i>iaijutsu</i>, <i>jujutsu</i>, etc. At the Arizona Hombu Dojo the philosophy is that there is no end to learning.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9ZKCUuez7bunWqaGAoNKq48qnyEy26YcW_UkJbTbnkk4ga-dSLov_MTBqvG4WFqx4rpDr7yhuBsIG_7a1jLvHQLIaCyLttFhC5TIYawvR1rzt46OztiTOwyTAy3OFMHplHjK2kc6h08g/s1600/Kris+trains+with+hanbo+with+assistance+of+Todd+%2528Seiyo-ShorinRyu.com%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9ZKCUuez7bunWqaGAoNKq48qnyEy26YcW_UkJbTbnkk4ga-dSLov_MTBqvG4WFqx4rpDr7yhuBsIG_7a1jLvHQLIaCyLttFhC5TIYawvR1rzt46OztiTOwyTAy3OFMHplHjK2kc6h08g/s640/Kris+trains+with+hanbo+with+assistance+of+Todd+%2528Seiyo-ShorinRyu.com%2529.JPG" width="504" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kris applies armpit throw to Renshi Stoneking at the<br />
2015 gassuku in East Canyon near Park City.</td></tr>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">After teaching </span><i style="text-align: justify;">hanbo</i><span style="text-align: justify;"> to the </span><a href="http://utahshorinryu.org/" style="text-align: justify;">Utah Shorin-Kai</a><span style="text-align: justify;"> at a 2015 </span><i style="text-align: justify;">gassuku</i><span style="text-align: justify;"> at the East Canyon resort between Salt Lake City and Park City, Soke Hausel also reintroduced his students at the </span><a href="http://azhombu.blogspot.com/" style="text-align: justify;">Arizona Hombu in Mesa</a><span style="text-align: justify;"> to this weapon in his </span><a href="http://www.seiyo-shorinryu.com/self-defense-classes" style="text-align: justify;">Self-Defense classes</a><span style="text-align: justify;">.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jeff applies arm bar at the Arizona Hombu in Mesa after throwing opponent.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyUTASThUwUQHv_z9HiIlRZ6566tH266CVo1rannwlQ7pZIES5sCm_oxr9bB8iSWsGwJ-BXvZi1ag6-l9BcE-2tHlDQ3Ghx9DZ0A_dUNdiFD3njb9mebXPQLzUDpzZ9Dv5Vqm4DglDXfI/s1600/Utah+Gassuku+%25282015%2529+East+Canyon.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyUTASThUwUQHv_z9HiIlRZ6566tH266CVo1rannwlQ7pZIES5sCm_oxr9bB8iSWsGwJ-BXvZi1ag6-l9BcE-2tHlDQ3Ghx9DZ0A_dUNdiFD3njb9mebXPQLzUDpzZ9Dv5Vqm4DglDXfI/s400/Utah+Gassuku+%25282015%2529+East+Canyon.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Group photo at the 2015 gassuku at the East Canyon resort, Utah.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYauaJ4TRD7-XmYa-FSQvWvPYsDZCs1zRN04iLNeWLjL4MJH18ciRQaOzNawQrsPPclaK-OHuVr8VpZSRCtuZItYjnnSOkx6gHlOltibtGioF1eKNhyphenhyphenEwnp0Jt6uq2YctyACESyNaUtxo/s1600/Group+photo+2015+%2528Seiyo-ShorinRyu.com%2529.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYauaJ4TRD7-XmYa-FSQvWvPYsDZCs1zRN04iLNeWLjL4MJH18ciRQaOzNawQrsPPclaK-OHuVr8VpZSRCtuZItYjnnSOkx6gHlOltibtGioF1eKNhyphenhyphenEwnp0Jt6uq2YctyACESyNaUtxo/s640/Group+photo+2015+%2528Seiyo-ShorinRyu.com%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Members of the 2015 Arizona-Utah karate and kobudo clinic at the <a href="http://www.seiyo-shorinryu.com/map">Arizona Hombu in Mesa, Arizona</a>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ_FPC1LEtXoQbOuk9ZSs92u_YkHXY9FsxIFW11t8uCCT0h6Qrzj_TnkemUMon5LsvSZIt7rY6apQTU0nKmU4U24QV0rfXjvmmV7UJXxjlbFd2EBVqDtuROP2fc05kE2Gtvy8JMZbut1I/s1600/Arizona+Hombu+%2528Seiyo-ShorinRyu.com%2529+-+Ashi+barai+with+hanbo.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1418" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ_FPC1LEtXoQbOuk9ZSs92u_YkHXY9FsxIFW11t8uCCT0h6Qrzj_TnkemUMon5LsvSZIt7rY6apQTU0nKmU4U24QV0rfXjvmmV7UJXxjlbFd2EBVqDtuROP2fc05kE2Gtvy8JMZbut1I/s400/Arizona+Hombu+%2528Seiyo-ShorinRyu.com%2529+-+Ashi+barai+with+hanbo.JPG" width="353" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thadd applies arm bar (ude garuma) while foot sweeping (ashi<br />
barai) his training partner - Sensei Bill</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ-u4kGnrVMqkmL9v5cCh1YrOHs4S3Ibr5KVHSOJOuDhV5oBSLiwPDz56XIts7f6tYo3hzH0Fv-FF-cxr57Vhys6OiBeM62YuCLANVHLSHsgdUrp_f8B73L2NQAtkP_4z3jGETlyvKs2g/s1600/Arizona+Hombu+Dojo+-+Jesse+restrains+Luis%252C+May%252C+2013.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1065" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ-u4kGnrVMqkmL9v5cCh1YrOHs4S3Ibr5KVHSOJOuDhV5oBSLiwPDz56XIts7f6tYo3hzH0Fv-FF-cxr57Vhys6OiBeM62YuCLANVHLSHsgdUrp_f8B73L2NQAtkP_4z3jGETlyvKs2g/s640/Arizona+Hombu+Dojo+-+Jesse+restrains+Luis%252C+May%252C+2013.jpg" width="425" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bet that hurts! Dr. Bergkamp applies restraint on Luis at the Arizona Hombu dojo<br />
while resting his knee on the hanbo.<br /><br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Amanda applies hiza waza to her husband's knee (Ryan) during hanbo-jutsu class<br />
at the Arizona Hombu dojo.<br /><br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtmq2RSNFPGEAE3VA1xkv_dDNRSsvBx1LkT_B693EdYmKyrgcftZG1mFuThl0lDHb0UWIbTHHzBgjaPIHRKSavtQMKuLtsvFn4Q-2gbmtbXpEtPwkUm6kYzw8-IhdiwthqSNlxShhSLac/s1600/Arizona+Hombu+Dojo+%2528Todd+applies+Ryote+Garumi+on+Luis+during+hanbojutsu+at+Arizona+Hombu.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtmq2RSNFPGEAE3VA1xkv_dDNRSsvBx1LkT_B693EdYmKyrgcftZG1mFuThl0lDHb0UWIbTHHzBgjaPIHRKSavtQMKuLtsvFn4Q-2gbmtbXpEtPwkUm6kYzw8-IhdiwthqSNlxShhSLac/s640/Arizona+Hombu+Dojo+%2528Todd+applies+Ryote+Garumi+on+Luis+during+hanbojutsu+at+Arizona+Hombu.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Todd applies restraint followed by takedown to Luis using hanbo at the Arizona Hombu dojo</td></tr>
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<br />Kyoju of Budohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16100625487961987538noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5720914657744663611.post-78198432003975637352014-03-01T17:36:00.001-08:002022-01-05T15:39:44.786-08:00Arizona Martial Artists Learn Martial Arts Weapons<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Torii gate to Shinto shrine in Japan (photo courtesy of Heather From).</i> </td></tr>
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It was brutal - well, not really, but during exams for Seiyo hanbojutsu certifications at the Arizona Hombu in Mesa, Arizona, those martial artists testing for certification had a great time demonstrating their abilities to fend off armed and unarmed attackers.<br />
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Following the tests, a group of martial artists from Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa, Phoenix and Tempe were certified in hanbojutsu by Soke Hausel, grandmaster of Shorin-Ryu Karate and Kobudo. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjErZqZ34_PtgOvMo0X7VHFNoDIN5_gman_ADf1ZiIGdShpVyN5f_XiQUM9WiQ10shYUILgCCWED1NbwslXxR9XIbMnUJodO9FSzexLUOaE1s1NKCe_KAgktlccNOKOjjeroMYNEQMgSHY/s1600/Hanbo+classes.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjErZqZ34_PtgOvMo0X7VHFNoDIN5_gman_ADf1ZiIGdShpVyN5f_XiQUM9WiQ10shYUILgCCWED1NbwslXxR9XIbMnUJodO9FSzexLUOaE1s1NKCe_KAgktlccNOKOjjeroMYNEQMgSHY/s400/Hanbo+classes.JPG" width="365" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sensei Paula Borea defends hanbo grab by Sensei Bill Borea. In back-<br />
ground, Scott Pritchett defends against Adam Bialek.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sensei Thadd Barrowes from the Utah Shorin-Kai applies ashi barai (Foot sweep) to Sensei Bill Borea at the Arizona<br />
Hombu in Mesa during annual Arizona-Utah clinic taught by Soke Hausel.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ouch! Sensei Bill Borea smashes toes of Ryan Harden<br />
during hanbo training at the Arizona Hombu.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNHbCK-XsCZBEnE_g8vB_MSeKqnxLX8BuB5H7Po0ClpJeeXbkW7cSs85PqeT9cSOQC_-D_8cacsV2X-jrLmv4d5i_ORBZLYj8aRPl-YPe6rDeIcXfHC_n6AaiUljAhp3qqBbzkS7k6MkI/s1600/hanbojutsu+certification+group+at+the+Arizona+School+of+Traditional+Karate+(ArizonaKarate.webs.com),+Chandler,+Gilbert,+Mesa+Tempe,+Arizona.JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNHbCK-XsCZBEnE_g8vB_MSeKqnxLX8BuB5H7Po0ClpJeeXbkW7cSs85PqeT9cSOQC_-D_8cacsV2X-jrLmv4d5i_ORBZLYj8aRPl-YPe6rDeIcXfHC_n6AaiUljAhp3qqBbzkS7k6MkI/s1600/hanbojutsu+certification+group+at+the+Arizona+School+of+Traditional+Karate+(ArizonaKarate.webs.com),+Chandler,+Gilbert,+Mesa+Tempe,+Arizona.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Members of the Arizona Hombu in Mesa test for certification in Hanbojutsu in Mesa Arizona. L-R Sensei Ryan Harden,<br />
Adam Bialek, Ben Moeur, Sensei Patrick Scofield, Sensei Bill Borea, Sensei Scott Pritchett, Sarah, and Gavin Skarphol</td></tr>
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Kyoju of Budohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16100625487961987538noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5720914657744663611.post-13045413397083630712013-01-15T15:04:00.001-08:002022-01-05T15:42:11.918-08:00A Big Stick for Martial Artists<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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K<strong>arate students</strong> at the <b><a href="http://azhombu.blogspot.com/">Arizona Hombu</a></b> and members of <b><a href="http://seiyo-shorinryu.webs.com/">Seiyo Shorin-Ryu</a></b> find a large arsenal of <a href="http://az-kobudo.blogspot.com/"><b>martial arts weapons</b></a> available to them. Not only do we train in most of the <b>traditional Okinawan kobudo</b> (<b>martial arts weapons</b>), but we also trained with a variety of modern garden and fishing implements - such as weed diggers, hoes, rakes, hammers, hooks, hatchets, etc.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Using hanbo for self-defense at the Arizona School of<br />
traditional karate in Mesa.</td></tr>
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Our <b>karate students</b> are studying two <b>martial arts weapons</b> during <b>kobudo classes </b>for our<b> Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa </b>and <b>Phoenix students.</b> They are focusing on the <b><a href="http://sai-kobudo.blogspot.com/">sai,</a></b> a distinct weapon from Okinawa, and <b>hanbo</b>, a <b>martial arts weapon</b> often associated with <b><a href="http://ski-jujutsu.blogspot.com/">jujutsu</a></b>. Last year, most of our <b>karate students</b> certified in <b><a href="http://seiyo-tonfa.blogspot.com/">tonfa</a></b> and <b>kuwa </b>after months of training in the <b><a href="http://seiyo-meikyo.blogspot.com/">kata </a></b>and applications of these two <b>martial arts weapons</b>. Later in 2013, we plan to focus on other kobudo weapons including nunchuku and bo.<br />
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But for now, our <b>Arizona Martial arts students</b> are learning to use a nifty <b>martial arts weapon</b> known as the <b>hanbo</b>. This 3-foot baton or stick, can be carried anywhere and other <b>martial arts weapons </b>can be adapted to the same techniques including <b>tsune </b>(cane or walking stick), <b>kibo </b>(expandable law enforcement baton), <b>kobuton </b>(short stick), <b>nitanbo </b>(two sticks), <b>tonfa </b>(side handle baton), and even <b>manrikigusari </b>(chain) and <b>hojo</b> (rope) Our <b>Arizona karate students </b>learn how to interchange all of these <b>martial arts weapons </b>with lectures and demonstrations by the <b>Grandmaster</b> of <b>Seiyo No Shorin-Ryu Karate Kobudo Kai</b>, Soke Hausel<br /><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ryan restrains Justin during hanbo-karate classes in Mesa<br /></td></tr></tbody></table>
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Kyoju of Budohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16100625487961987538noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5720914657744663611.post-80985074676679201622012-04-15T11:12:00.002-07:002022-01-05T15:44:30.166-08:00Arizona & Utah Martial Artists train in Samurai Arts in Mesa, Arizona<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Members from the Utah Shorin-Kai Karate Club in Murray Utah and from the Arizona School of Traditional Karate in Mesa, Gilbert and Chandler, Arizona, trained in Hanbojutsu techniques using a 3 foot stick at the Arizona Hombu in Mesa. The annual clinic was taught by Soke (Grandmaster) Hausel between April 12th to 14th, 2012. The clinic included training in Shorin-Ryu Karate and also iaido (sword) and kenjutsu (samurai sword applications).<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Application of<em> ago senage</em> with hanbo</strong></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><strong><em>Ryan trains with Shihan Adam</em></strong> <br />
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Kyoju of Budohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16100625487961987538noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5720914657744663611.post-11424308340914296002011-12-09T13:18:00.001-08:002022-01-05T15:45:08.868-08:00Hanbo (Half-Staff) Clinic At Arizona School of Traditional Karate in 2012<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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One of many Okinawa/Japanese weapons taught to students at the <b>Seiyo Shorin-Ryu Hombu</b> is hanbo (half-bo). People from <b>Mesa, Gilbert, Chandler </b>of the east valley of <b>Phoenix </b>in travel to the <b>Arizona Hombu</b> to learn these many weapons. The hanbo is a great weapon to learn as it can be used for devastating blocks, strikes, pressure point activation and restraints. This classical Japanese weapon has been taught in classes at the Hombu, as well as to members of <b>Seiyo No Shorin-Ryu Karate Kobudo Kai </b>at various clinics around the world.<br />
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Kyoju of Budohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16100625487961987538noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5720914657744663611.post-12275667785821083912011-01-26T19:01:00.002-08:002022-01-05T16:05:52.134-08:00Hanbo - A Self-Defense Tool<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMtZLn_mOrv0iXF-D5FpnF2gCvUtlCqktmMnJGIQbWCq6UWSTDXfleYZ2U5lnt3Lnk6x1wxF-eue6BOKJMZXykxCed8ofSU7Xc76XZUciE6yJo1z_HTjYPRtn4TaHbP2ZObptL4NaZsYw/s1600/DSCF5864.JPG" style="clear: left; cssfloat: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="480" s5="true" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMtZLn_mOrv0iXF-D5FpnF2gCvUtlCqktmMnJGIQbWCq6UWSTDXfleYZ2U5lnt3Lnk6x1wxF-eue6BOKJMZXykxCed8ofSU7Xc76XZUciE6yJo1z_HTjYPRtn4TaHbP2ZObptL4NaZsYw/s640/DSCF5864.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Even though our main focus is on <a href="https://seiyoshorinryu.blogspot.com ">Shorin-Ryu</a> Karate & Kobudo at the Seiyo Shorin-Ryu Hombu in Mesa, we not only teach karate, but we train with many weapons including <i>hanbo</i> (or short staff). Similar weapons to <i>hanbo</i> that many of our students learn include kioga (expandable police baton), tsune (cane), kobuton (short stick), manrikigusari (chain or rope), and even a rolled up magazine. </div>
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The <i>hanbo</i> and the <i>kioga</i> are common tools used by a number of police departments around the world. As a <i>Kyoju no Budo</i> (professor of martial arts) at the University of Wyoming, <i>Soke</i> Hausel taught several law enforcement officers and students these arts. But, you don't need to be a law enforcement officer to learn these valuable weapons.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Soke Hausel demonstrates <i>kote uchi</i> (two-handed<br /><div style="text-align: center;">
strike) with <i>hanbo</i> at Utah <i>gasshuku</i> (outside </div>
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training) near Park City, Utah</div>
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The <i>hanbo</i> (半棒) is considered to be a ‘half-<i>bo</i>’ and is taught in several traditional <i>jujutsu</i> and <i>ninjutsu</i> schools in addition to <i>Seiyo Shorin-Ryu karate</i>. This weapon was added to the <i><a href="http://az-kobudo.blogspot.com/">kobudo</a> </i>curriculum of <i>Seiyo Shorin-Ryu</i> because it is such a practical weapon and is an extension of many of our empty hand self-defense techniques. <i>Hanbo</i> also goes well with <i>kioga</i> and the walking cane since many techniques are similar for these weapons - so when you learn one, you are essentially learning all three. </div>
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In <i>Seiyo Shorin-Ryu</i>, to progress in <i>hanbojutsu</i>, (the martial art of the <i>hanbo</i>) students demonstrate basic strikes, blocks and stances and many self-defense techniques including one step sparring (<i>ippon kumite</i>) against unarmed and armed assailants. They also learn very restricted free sparring (<i>juji-kumite</i>) with the weapon. The sparring must be controlled and done with safety in mind.</div>
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Kyoshi Rob Watson, 8th dan explains use of katana at Gassuku.</div>
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The origin of the <i>hanbo</i> is uncertain. Some researchers suggest it originated quite by accident. According to a summary on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukishin-ry%C5%AB"><i>Kukishin Ryu</i></a>, legend suggests that during battle between <i>Kuriyama Ukon</i> and General <i>Suzuki Tangonokami Katsuhisa</i> in 1575, <i>Kuriyama</i> was armed with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari"><i>yari</i></a> (spear) and Suzuki with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katana"><i>katana</i></a> (sword). During the battle, <i>Suzuki</i> sliced through <i>Kuriyama’s</i> spear cutting it in half, but <i>Kuriyama</i> was still able to overwhelm <i>Suzuki</i> with the remaining spear handle.</div>
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<i>Kuriyama</i> then realized the importance of the short staff for self-defense and developed the martial art of <i>hanbo-jutsu</i>. Our members also train in <i>katana</i> and <i>yari</i> and learn these weapons along with many traditional Okinawan <i>kobudo</i> weapons such as <a href="http://nunchuku.blogspot.com/"><i>nunchaku</i></a>, <a href="http://sai-kobudo.blogspot.com/"><i>sai</i></a>, <a href="http://seiyo-tonfa.blogspot.com/"><i>tonfa</i></a>, <a href="http://kamajutsu.blogspot.com/"><i>kama</i></a>, <a href="http://6-foot.blogspot.com/"><i>bo</i></a>, and others.</div>
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Hanbo</i> has been incorporated into several martial arts including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taijutsu"><i>taijutsu</i></a> (体術). <i>Taijutsu</i> is a term used interchangeably with <a href="http://ski-jujutsu.blogspot.com/"><i>jujutsu</i></a>. Most <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kory%C5%AB"><i>koryu</i></a> (old style) <i>jujutsu</i> schools use arresting techniques taught to law enforcement. In particular, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/sokeshodai#p/u/4/aUOD8bQNeCU"><i>munadori</i></a> waza (<i><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkN7Q2mGqF0">lapel grab</a> </i>techniques) are the focus of many of these arts. </div>
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Hanbo</i> is traditionally three <i>shaku</i> (35.8 inches) long, or essentially half the length of a traditional <i>bo</i>. A <i>bo</i> can be referred to as <i>roku-shakubo</i>, or a stick of 6 <i>shaku</i>. </div>
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Shaku</i> is the archaic unit of measure used until the Japanese adopted the metric system in 1961. Prior to 1961, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaku_(unit)"><i>shaku</i></a> was a common unit of measure equal to 11.93 inches, or nearly one-foot. The <i>shaku</i> was derived from nature and is the average length between mature bamboo nodes.</div>
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Note the bamboo fence. A <i>shaku</i> was equal to the distance between bamboo </div>
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nodes (or growth nodes). Many of these pickets would make very good </div>
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hanbo</i> as they are between 3 and 4 <i>shaku</i> long</div>
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But the Japanese also had a second <i>shaku</i> - to make things confusing. This latter <i>shaku</i> was equal to 14.9 inches or the length of an average whale’s whisker which was adopted in 1881 to measuring cloth. To distinguish between these two, the cloth <i>shaku</i> was referred to as <i>kujirajaka</i> (<i>kujira</i> meaning whale); and the bamboo <i>shaku</i> was referred to as <i>kanejaku</i>. For me, I was surprised to find out that whale's had whiskers. </div>
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The <i>hanbo</i> is still used in training by many Japanese law enforcement agents. And it became very promintent during the late 19th Century during the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period">Edo Period</a>, when some law enforcement officers were armed with wooden staffs and were responsible for disarming <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samurai">samurai</a>. These people worked in teams and attacked criminals simultaneously to disarm and restrain them with a rope (another art taught at our dojo referred to as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoj%C5%8Djutsu"><i>hojojutsu</i></a>.</div>
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Hanshi Finley, 7th dan from the Casper <i>Seiyo Shorin-</i></div>
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Ryu dojo</i>, is retrained with <i>hojo</i> (rope) at a</div>
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samurai clinic.</div>
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Following the Edo period, the <a href="http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2130.html">Meiji Restoration</a> began in 1868, known as the beginning of the modern era of Japan. During the Edo period, samurai were still important and privileged individuals. But a chain of events led major changes in the political and social system in Japan resulting in opening their door to foreigners of the Western World. During the <i>Meiji</i>, members of the samurai class were eliminated and the honor of wearing swords was prohibited. This was followed by all Japanese males being required to serve in the military for 4 years.</div>
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These events caused considerable unrest with samurai, who prior to this event, were allowed to bear arms – unlike peasants. A samurai rebellion resulted and many <i>hanbo </i>techniques were developed at this time to evade strikes by the samurai sword followed by follow-up strikes to head or sword hand, or thrusts to the attacker's body. Included in this are many take downs followed by devastating restraints.</div>
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Demonstration of take down using hanbo at the Arizona Hombu Dojo </div>
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in Mesa, Arizona</div>
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Our students learn how to use the <i>hanbo</i> in dozens of different situations for the street. But they also practice against a partner with a samurai sword as is tradition (as well as against an attacker with other weapons such as <a href="http://japanese-aikido.blogspot.com/ ">knife</a>). As they progress, they work up to sparring to develop spontaneity and accuracy of action - in other words, to learn how to react <a href="http://az-mushin.blogspot.com/">without thinking</a>. Restraints are important so that the <i>hanbo</i> can be used as a pragmatic instrument for law enforcement. </div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Not receiving enough hugs? In our classes we make sure that everyone receives many hugs.</td></tr>
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